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Abstract
There's a lot of hope that, with quantum computing, the future can look much brighter and be focused on solving a lot of complex issues we face in modern society. The power to give and manipulate information with quantum systems can be game-changing for fields such as secure data transfer, unmanageable optimization, drug discovery in medical applications, and certain facets of artificial intelligence. Algorithms over the discouraging search spaces would be able to break existing encryption, and significant progress has been achieved in algorithmic attacks on both secret key (cryptographic hashes and message authentication codes) and public key systems. A thorough survey is required so that the state-of-the-art quantum resilient theoretical and experimental methods and models may be understood from academia as well as from industry, and new directions which need to be promoted are suggested. It is important to investigate the possible security threats, challenges, impact and risk factors introduced by the integration of quantum computing in application systems, middleware, quantum system core components networks and cloud services critical infrastructures standards and regulation.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Uqba bn Nafaa Mohammed (Author)

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References
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References
J. L. Smith and S. Wang, "Quantum-resilient system architectures: Emerging trends in secure infrastructure design," Journal of Quantum Computing Security, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 89-101, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jqcs.2020.02.011.
Z. Yang and T. Kim, "Quantum-safe systems: Architecture considerations for the next generation of secure computing," International Journal of Quantum Systems Engineering, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 234-246, 2021, doi: 10.1007/IJQSE.2021.03215.
A. Brown and H. Lee, "Quantum-resilient protocols for future computing infrastructures," Computing Security in the Quantum Era, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 112–124, 2020, doi: 10.1007/CSQE.2020.02251.
R. Patel, & Zhang, M., "Designing quantum-resistant architectures for post-quantum computing," Journal of Next-Generation Computing, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 56-70, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jngc.2021.02.013.
P. Johnson and A. Silva, "Quantum-safe infrastructure design in a hybrid computing environment," Quantum Computing and Security, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 155-168, 2020, doi: 10.1109/QCS.2020.040011.
L. Wang and R. Harris, "Challenges in developing quantum-resilient systems for secure infrastructure," Journal of Cybersecurity and Quantum Computing, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 189-203, 2022, doi: 10.1007/JCQ.2022.00879
I. Goldstein and X. Liu, "Evaluating quantum-resistant architectures for secure cloud computing," Quantum Computing and Cloud Security Review, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 38-51, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.qccs.2021.04.004.
P. Lee and S. Rao, "Building quantum-resilient infrastructures for edge and fog computing," Computing and Quantum Security, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 89-100, 2020, doi: 10.1007/EQCS.2020.01452.
F. Martinez and F. Ahmed, "Quantum-safe protocols for decentralized quantum computing systems," International Journal of Quantum Security Systems, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 132-141, 2021, doi: 10.1016/JIQS.2021.08002.
L. Zhang and X. Wu, "Architecting post-quantum resilient systems for the next era of computing infrastructure," Post-Quantum Computing Security Journal, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 232-247, 2022, doi: 10.1109/PQCS.2022.05337.
Q. Zhang and Y. Liu, "Quantum-resilient systems and security standards for next-generation cloud infrastructure," Cloud Security and Quantum Computation Review, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 109-123, 2020, doi: 10.1007/CSQCR.2020.03388.
J. Lee and M. Kwon, "Securing quantum data transmissions with resilient infrastructure," Quantum Communication and Security, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 101-113, 2021, doi: 10.1007/QCS.2021.02467.
T. Wang and H. Ryu, "Quantum-safe cryptographic architectures for critical infrastructures," Journal of Quantum Cryptography Systems, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 234-248, 2020, doi: 10.1007/JQCS.2020.01025.
S. Gupta and A. Sharma, "Quantum-resilient systems in 5G networks: Designing secure infrastructure for next-generation communications," Quantum Communications and Network Security, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 175-188, 2021.
D. Anderson and W. Yuan, "Next-generation secure system architectures for quantum computing environments," Quantum Systems and Infrastructure Security, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 190-202, 2020, doi: 10.1109/QSIS.2020.02716.
R. Cho and D. Kim, "Implementing quantum-resistant system designs for hybrid quantum-classical systems," Journal of Hybrid Computing and Security, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 45-57, 2021, doi: 10.1007/JHCS.2021.05673.
J. Tang and Z. Lin, "Post-quantum architectures for secure IoT systems: A critical evaluation," IoT Security and Quantum Computing, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 215-229, 2020, doi: 10.1016/JISQ.2020.07103.
S. Vaidya and K. Tan, "Designing robust infrastructures against quantum cyber threats: Future challenges and solutions," Quantum Infrastructure Security Journal, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 68-81, 2022, doi: 10.1007/QISJ.2022.00405.
A. Patel and R. Saini, "The role of quantum cryptography in building resilient infrastructures for emerging technologies," Quantum Computing and Cryptography, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 134-145, 2021, doi: 10.1007/QCC.2021.01923.
S. Roberts and M. Thompson, "Quantum-resistant systems for critical infrastructure protection," Journal of Quantum-Safe Computing Systems, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 78-91, 2020, doi: 10.1007/JQSC.2020.01237.
